Search results for "Stance phase"

Relationship between foot eversion and thermographic foot skin temperature after running.

2017

The main instruments to assess foot eversion have some limitations (especially for field applications), and therefore it is necessary to explore new methods. The objective was to determine the relationship between foot eversion and skin temperature asymmetry of the foot sole (difference between medial and lateral side), using infrared thermography. Twenty-two runners performed a running test lasting 30 min. Skin temperature of the feet soles was measured by infrared thermography before and after running. Foot eversion during running was measured by kinematic analysis. Immediately after running, weak negative correlations were observed between thermal symmetry of the rearfoot and eversion at…

Human walking along a curved path. II. Gait features and EMG patterns

2003

We recorded basic gait features and associated patterns of leg muscle activity, occurring during continuous body progression when humans walked along a curved trajectory, in order to gain insight into the nervous mechanisms underlying the control of the asymmetric movements of the two legs. The same rhythm was propagated to both legs, in spite of inner and outer strides diverging in length (P < 0.001). There was a phase lag in limb displacement between the inner and outer leg of 7% of the total cycle duration (P = 0.0001). Swing velocity was greater for outer than inner foot (P < 0.001). The duration of the stance phase diminished and increased in the outer and inner leg (P < 0.01), respect…

Comparison of running kinematics between elite and national-standard 1500-m runners.

2009

The aim of this study was to determine whether elite 1500-m runners differ in their running kinematics from national-standard 1500-m runners. Six national-standard male runners (seasonal best: 3 min 49.2 s +/- 3.2 s) were assessed during the second lap of a 1500-m race. Their running kinematics was then compared with those of five elite runners (seasonal best: 3 min 35.6 s +/- 2.6 s) analysed during the second lap of the men's 1500-m final at the 2005 World Championships. Data were collected using two high-speed cameras operating at 200 Hz with a three-dimensional pan and tilt system. Running speed was the same for both groups. Despite the similar contact times, the minimum knee angle durin…

Differences in contractile behaviour between the soleus and medial gastrocnemius muscles during human walking

2012

The functional roles of individual lower limb muscles during human walking may differ depending on walking speed or duration. In this study, 11 volunteers walked on a treadmill for 60 min at speeds corresponding to both optimal and 20% above optimal energetic cost of transport whilst oxygen consumption and medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus fascicle lengths were measured. Although energetic cost of transport was ∼12% higher at the faster speed, it remained constant over 60 min at both speeds, suggesting that humans can walk for prolonged periods at a range of speeds without compromising energetic efficiency. The fascicles of both muscles exhibited rather ‘isometric’ behaviour during the e…

The Use of Accelerometers and Gyroscopes to Estimate Hip and Knee Angles on Gait Analysis

2014

In this paper the performance of a sensor system, which has been developed to estimate hip and knee angles and the beginning of the gait phase, have been investigated. The sensor system consists of accelerometers and gyroscopes. A new algorithm was developed in order to avoid the error accumulation due to the gyroscopes drift and vibrations due to the ground contact at the beginning of the stance phase. The proposed algorithm have been tested and compared to some existing algorithms on over-ground walking trials with a commercial device for assisted gait. The results have shown the good accuracy of the angles estimation, also in high angle rate movement.

Prolonged exposure to microgravity modifies limb endpoint kinematics during the swing phase of human walking

2002

Many neurophysiological and behavioural studies suggested that the lower limb endpoint might be a centrally represented variable within the gravity reference frame and effectively controlled during the locomotion. This investigation examines the effects of prolonged exposure to microgravity upon lower limb endpoint kinematics. Seven cosmonauts were tested before and the 2nd day after a 6 month orbital mission. The spatio-temporal patterns of the limb extremity (malleolus) were analysed during the swing phase of the walk using a motion analysis system. Paths and velocity profiles of endpoint displacements were computed and compared for both the pre- and post-flight walking sessions. The resu…

Análisis cinético y cinemático de las articulaciones del mediopié durante la marcha en sujetos sanos: consideraciones clínicas

2016

Introducción: No existe todavía suficiente evidencia en estudios clínicos respecto al comportamiento del mediopié en situaciones dinámicas como la marcha o la carrera. El presente estudio pretende analizar el comportamiento mecánico de las articulaciones del mediopié mediante un modelo multisegmental del pie, con especial atención a los momentos articulares y sus repercusiones clínicas. Sujetos y métodos: Se realizó un estudio computarizado de la marcha sobre 30 sujetos adultos sanos (27,13 ± 3,82 a˜nos) con un índice de postura del pie (FPI) neutro (entre 0 y +5). Se estimaron los ángulos y momentos articulares externos en 3 dimensiones mediante un modelo que considera 3 segmentos (antepié…

Deformidad tipo Checkrein del Hállux y dedos menores del pie sin fractura previa asociada.

2020

espanolPresentamos una revision bibliografica y la descripcion de la tecnica quirurgica en la deformidad tipo Checkrein del hallux y dedos menores del pie. Esta deformidad dinamica provoca a los pacientes una dificultad significativa para caminar y les impide practicar cualquier deporte ya que en la fase de apoyo de la marcha los dedos del pie se ven forzados a una flexion plantar maxima y terminan atrapados debajo del pie. En los casos en que no se asocia a fractura osea la sospecha clinica causante de la lesion es un sindrome compartimental subclinico. El tratamiento descrito en este trabajo consiste en una plastia en Z y la aplicacion de una sutura pulvertaft en el flexor largo del hallu…

2019

Ankle plantar flexor muscles are active in the stance phase of walking to propel the body forward. Increasing walking speed requires increased plantar flexor excitation, frequently assessed using surface electromyography (EMG). Despite its popularity, validity of surface EMG applied on shank muscles is mostly unclear. Thus, we examined the agreement between surface and intramuscular EMG at a range of walking speeds. Ten participants walked overground at slow, preferred, fast, and maximum walking speeds (1.01 ± 0.13, 1.43 ± 0.19, 1.84 ± 0.23, and 2.20 ± 0.38 m s-1, respectively) while surface and fine-wire EMG activities of flexor hallucis longus (FHL), soleus (SOL), medial gastrocnemius (MG…

Kinematics and kinetics analysis of midfoot joints of 30 normal subjects during walking

2016

Abstract Introduction There is not enough evidence in form of clinical studies regarding the behavior of the midfoot joints in dynamic situations such us walking or running. The present work aims to study the mechanical behavior of midfoot joints with a multisegmented foot model with special interest in joint moments and their clinical significance. Subjects and methods A computerized 3-dimensional gait study was performed on healthy male adult subjects with a neutral Foot Posture Index (FPI) (from 0 to +5) during walking. Joint angle and external moments were estimated with a multisegment foot model that considers three separate segments (forefoot, rearfoot and hallux) and graphs and value…